The investment phase of a calf being reared to a heifer lasts often more than 2 years. It is a cost intensive business but on the other hand an essential investment for the future profitability. Dr. Beate Maassen-Francke, GEA Farm Technologies, gives an overview of risks, managing breeding, health and nutrition in calf and heifer rearing. (International Dairy Topics – Volume 9 Number 6 (2